Mu gikorwa cyose cyo gukora impapuro cyo "gukora impapuro - kurangiza", imashini itunganya ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi kigena imikorere ya fibre n'ubwiza bw'impapuro. Binyuze mu bikorwa bifatika, bya shimi, cyangwa bya mekanike n'ibinyabutabire, ikata, ihindura fibrillation, kandi itunganya fibre za pulp, bigatuma fibre zarekuye zikora imbaraga zikomeye zo gufatanya, kandi amaherezo iha impapuro imikorere y'ibanze nko gukomera, uburinganire, no kwinjiza wino. Kuva ku nganda zisanzwe z'amabuye kugeza ku bikoresho bigezweho by'ubwenge, ivugurura ikoranabuhanga ry'imashini zitunganya ryahoraga ryibanze ku mahame atatu y'ingenzi ari yo "gukora neza cyane, gukora neza, no kubungabunga ingufu", biba inkunga y'ingenzi mu kuzamura inganda zikora impapuro.

I. Imirimo y'ingenzi n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere y'abatunganya ibikoresho

Intego nyamukuru y'umucukuzi w'amazi ni "kunoza imiterere ya fibre", kandi ihame ryayo rishobora gusobanurwa nka "guhindura fibre mu bikorwa bya mekanike":

• Ihame ry'ibanze: Iyo ifu inyuze hagati y’udupira tw’umucukuzi (cyangwa imigozi), ikoreshwa imbaraga za mekanike zivanze nko gukata, gusohora, no gukaranga. Inkuta z’uturemangingo twa fibre zirashwanyagurika kugira ngo zikore microfibrils, kandi ubuso bukora imiterere ikomeye ya fibrillated. Muri icyo gihe, fibre ndende cyane iracibwa neza, bigatuma uburebure bwa fibre buhura neza n’ibisabwa mu gukora impapuro.
• Imirimo y'ingenzi: Icya mbere, kunoza imbaraga zo gufatanya fibre kugira ngo impapuro zigire imbaraga zihagije zo gukurura, gucikamo ibice, no gucikamo ibice; icya kabiri, kongera uburyo fibre ihuzanya kugira ngo impapuro zibe nziza kandi zigororotse; icya gatatu, guhuza n'ibikenewe mu bwoko butandukanye bw'impapuro, nko mu mpapuro zisanzwe zisaba fibre nto kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwo gucapa, n'impapuro zo gupfunyika zisaba fibre nini kandi ndende kugira ngo zongere gukomera.

II. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi n'imiterere ya tekiniki y'abatunganya imashini

Dukurikije imiterere y'inyubako, uburyo bwo gukora, n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha, imashini zisanzwe zitunganya impapuro zigabanyijemo ibice bine bikurikira, buri kimwe gifite intego yacyo mu bya tekiniki n'uburyo gikoreshwa:

1. Imashini Itunganya Disiki

• Ibiranga imiterere: Igizwe na disiki idahinduka (disiki idahagarara) na disiki izenguruka (disiki izenguruka). Ubuso bwa disiki bukwirakwizwa n'uduce dusya tw'imiterere y'amenyo atandukanye (nk'amenyo afite imisemburo, trapezoidal, spiral), kandi ubukana bwo gutunganya bugenzurwa no guhindura icyuho cya disiki.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Ikora neza cyane, ihindura fibre imwe. Ishobora kwihuza n'udusimba dutandukanye (udusimba tw'ibiti, udusimba tw'ibyatsi, udusimba tw'impapuro z'imyanda) isimbura imiterere y'amenyo ya disiki, bigatuma iba igikoresho cyo gutunganya gikoreshwa cyane gikubiyemo impapuro z'umuco, impapuro zo gupakira, impapuro z'ubwiherero, n'izindi mpapuro.
• Ubwoko bw'uduce: Itunganya disiki imwe (ikora ku ruhande rumwe rwa disiki), itunganya disiki ebyiri (ikora ku mpande zombi za disiki icyarimwe), itunganya disiki eshatu (disiki yo hagati ihoraho + disiki ebyiri zizunguruka ku mpande, imikorere myiza cyane).

2. Umuvumbuzi w'ibuye ry'agaciro ryitwa Conical

• Ibiranga imiterere: Ikoresha uruvange rwa stator y’inyuma na rotor. Ibinure bigenda bisimburana mu cyuho cy’inyuma, bigahora bicukurwa kandi bigasohoka. Ubukana bwo gutunganya bushobora kugenzurwa neza no guhindura icyuho cy’inyuma.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Gukata fibre nke, ingaruka nziza zo gufunga, bikwiranye n'ubwoko bw'impapuro zisaba ko fibre igumana igihe kirekire (nk'impapuro za kraft, linerboard). Ifite kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora neza kandi ikoresha ingufu nke, ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda y'impapuro cyangwa gutunganya neza imyanda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

3. Umuvumbuzi w'icyuma gitunganya ibyuma

• Ibiranga imiterere: Igizwe n'umuzingo wo gusya ufite ishusho nk'iy'uruziga n'isahani yo gusya ifite ishusho nk'iy'uruziga. Ubuso bw'umuzingo wo gusya bufite amenyo yo gusya arambuye cyangwa azunguruka. Kuzunguruka k'umuzingo wo gusya bituma impumuro y'umunyu itemba kandi bigasoza igikorwa cyo gutunganya.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Ishobora kwihanganira cyane imyanda (nk'umucanga, ibice bya pulasitiki) mu ruhu, ntibyoroshye kuziba. Ikwiriye gusya imyanda y'impapuro cyangwa gutunganya mbere y'uko ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imiyoboro y'imyanda nk'uruhererekane rw'ibyatsi, ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imiyoboro y'imbere y'imashini.

4. Umuvumbuzi w'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo buhanitse

• Ibiranga imiterere: Bikwiriye ahantu hafite impumuro nziza (15%-40%). Ikoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo kugaburira (nk'icyuma gitera impumuro) kugira ngo impumuro imwe yinjire mu gace gasya. Imiterere y'amenyo ya disiki ahanini ni imiterere migari kandi ifite intera nini kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gukaranga fibre.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Ingano yo hejuru ya fibre fibrillation, imbaraga zikomeye zo gufatanya, bishobora kongera imbaraga z'impapuro cyane. Mu bidukikije bifite imiterere ihamye, gukata fibre ni bike kandi ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ni rike. Ikwiriye gutunganya neza ubwoko bw'impapuro zo mu rwego rwo hejuru (nk'impapuro zipfutse, impapuro zihariye) cyangwa gutunganya pulp bisaba gufatanya fibre ikomeye cyane.

III. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki n'amahame yo guhitamo abatunganya ibikoresho

1. Ibipimo by'ibanze bya tekiniki

• Gutunganya Ubudasa: Bigabanyijemo imiterere yoroheje (≤8%), imiterere iringaniye (8%-15%), n'imiterere iringaniye (≥15%). Imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza yo gutunganya no ku miterere y'imashini, nko gutunganya imiterere y'imashini cyane hibandwa ku gutunganya imiterere y'imashini no gutunganya imiterere yoroheje hibandwa ku gukata.
• Icyuho cya Disiki: Igipimo cy'ingenzi kigena ubukana bwo gutunganya. Uko icyuho kiba gito, niko ubukana bwo gutunganya buba bwinshi. Bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu bwoko bw'impapuro n'imiterere y'impapuro (ubusanzwe bigenzurwa kuri mm 0.1-1.0).
• Imiterere n'ubugari bw'amenyo ya Disiki: Imiterere y'amenyo igira ingaruka ku buryo insinga zishyirwamo imbaraga (imiterere y'amenyo yo mu bwoko bwa shear ikwiriye gukatwa, imiterere y'amenyo yo gutogosha ikwiriye gushishwa). Ubugari bw'amenyo bugena agace gashyirwamo amenyo, gakwiye guhuza ubwoko bw'inyama n'intego yo gutunganya.
• Ingufu za moteri n'umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka: Ingufu zigena ubushobozi bwo gutunganya (ubusanzwe 55-1000kW), kandi umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka ugira ingaruka ku muvuduko wa disiki (ubusanzwe 1500-3000r/min). Umuvuduko wo hejuru wa disiki bivuze imbaraga zikomeye zo gukata, zikwiriye gukaraba cyane.
• Ubushobozi: Byatoranijwe hakurikijwe igipimo cy'umurongo w'umusaruro. Ubushobozi bw'igikoresho kimwe ubusanzwe ni 5-100 t / umunsi, kandi imirongo minini ishobora gukoresha uruhererekane rw'ibice byinshi cyangwa imiterere isa n'iyindi.

2. Amahame y'ingenzi yo guhitamo

• Huza n'ibisabwa mu bwoko bw'impapuro: Ku mpapuro zikomeye zo gupfunyika, hashyirwa imbere imashini zitunganya ibintu zikoresheje imiterere ihamye cyangwa imashini zitunganya ibintu zikoresheje imiterere y’inyuguti; ku mpapuro nziza, hashobora gutoranywa imashini zitunganya ibintu zikoresheje imiterere ibiri cyangwa imashini zitunganya ibintu zifite imiterere itatu; ku mpapuro zitunganya imyanda, imashini zitunganya ibintu zikoresheje icyuma cy'ibumba cyangwa imashini zitunganya ibintu zidasukuye ni zo zikunze gukoreshwa.
• Ibiranga Ibinure Bihuye: Ifu y'ibiti ifite imigozi miremire, bityo hibandwa ku gushonga kw'imitsi, kandi imashini zitunganya imitsi cyangwa imashini zitunganya imitsi zikora neza ni amahitamo; ifu y'ibyatsi ifite imigozi migufi, bityo urwego rw'icibwa rugomba kugenzurwa, kandi imashini zitunganya disiki zidakora neza ni amahitamo; ifu y'impapuro z'imyanda irimo imyanda myinshi, bityo ibikoresho bidashobora kuziba bigomba gutoranywa.
• Gukoresha neza no gukoresha ingufu mu buryo buringaniye: Ukoresheje ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho, hitamo ibikoresho bifite ingufu nke kandi bikoresha neza cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho. Urugero, ibikoresho binini bishobora gukoresha ibikoresho bitunganya ibikoresho bifite disiki eshatu, naho ibikoresho bito n'ibiciriritse bishobora gukoresha ibikoresho bifite disiki imwe cyangwa ibikoresho bifite disiki ebyiri.
• Tekereza ku buryo bwo guhuza n'imimerere hakoreshejwe ubuhanga: Imashini zitunganya ubuziranenge zikoresha uburyo bwa PLC, zishobora gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuziranenge (nk'uburebure bwa fibre, imiterere y'imashini, uko ikoreshwa rya disiki rigenda) ndetse no kugenzura mu buryo bwikora. Mu guhitamo, ni ngombwa guhuza urwego rw'ubwenge bw'umurongo ukorerwamo no guha agaciro ibikoresho bishobora gukururwa kandi byoroshye kubungabunga.

IV. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu by'abatunganya ibikoresho

Kubera impinduka mu nganda zikora impapuro zigana ku "buhanga budakoresha karubone nkeya, ubuhanga bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, n'ubuhanga bwo hejuru", ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya impapuro ritanga icyerekezo kinini cy'iterambere:

• Ivugurura ry'ubwenge: Guhuza ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor, interineti y'ibintu, n'ikoranabuhanga rya AI kugira ngo habeho igenzura ryihuse ry'uburyo bwo gutunganya no kugenzura mu buryo bwikora, kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no guhagarara neza.
• Kunoza ibikorwa byo kuzigama ingufu: Kunoza imiterere y'imashini (nk'imiterere y'amenyo ya bionic), gukoresha moteri zikora neza cyane n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura umuvuduko wo guhindura ubwinshi bw'ingufu kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu zo gutunganya utwuma. Hari imashini nshya zigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 15%-30% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe.
• Guhuza imikorere myinshi: Gutegura ibikoresho bihuriweho byo "gutunganya - gusuzuma - gutunganya" kugira ngo bigabanye ibikorwa byo gukora n'aho ibikoresho biri hasi; kwibanda ku bikenewe mu mpapuro zihariye, guteza imbere ibikoresho byihariye byo gutunganya (nk'ibikoresho bitunganya fibre cyane, ibikoresho byihariye byo gutunganya pulp) kugira ngo byagure uburyo bwo kubikoresha.

Nk'ikintu "gihindura imiterere" y'umusaruro w'impapuro, urwego rwa tekiniki rw'abatunganya impapuro rufitanye isano itaziguye n'ubwiza bw'impapuro, umusaruro uhagije, n'inyungu ku bidukikije. Mu rwego rw'inganda zikora impapuro ziharanira iterambere ryiza, guhitamo ubwoko bw'abatunganya impapuro bukwiye, kunoza ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki, no kubahiriza iterambere ry'ubwenge no kubungabunga ingufu bizaba garanti y'ingenzi ku bigo kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhangana.