Mubikorwa byose byo gukora impapuro za "pulping - papermaking - kurangiza", gutunganya ni ibikoresho byingenzi bigena imikorere ya fibre nubwiza bwimpapuro. Binyuze mubikorwa byumubiri, ibya shimi, cyangwa bihujwe nubukanishi nubumashini, bigabanya, fibrillates, 帚化 (fibrillation), kandi binonosora fibre fibre, ituma fibre yambere irekuye ikora imbaraga zikomeye zihuza, kandi amaherezo igaha impapuro nibikorwa byingenzi nkimbaraga, uburinganire, hamwe no kwinjiza wino. Kuva mu ruganda gakondo rwamabuye kugeza kubikoresho byubwenge bugezweho, itera tekinoloji yabatunganya yamye yibanze kumahame atatu yingenzi yo "gukora neza, neza, no kubungabunga ingufu", ibaye inkunga ikomeye yo kuzamura inganda zikora impapuro.

I. Imikorere yibanze nihame ryakazi ryabatunganya

Inshingano yibanze yumutunganya ni "guhuza fibre morphologie", kandi ihame ryakazi rishobora kuvugwa muri make nk "guhindura fibre munsi yubukanishi":

• Ihame shingiro. Urukuta rwa fibre selile rwatanyaguwe kugirango rukore microfibril, kandi hejuru itanga imiterere yuzuye ya fibrillated. Mugihe kimwe, fibre ndende cyane yaciwe neza, bigatuma uburebure bwa fibre ikwirakwizwa cyane nibisabwa gukora impapuro.
• Imikorere yibanze: Ubwa mbere, kunoza fibre ihuza imbaraga kugirango impapuro zigire imbaraga zihagije, imbaraga zo kurira, nimbaraga ziturika; icya kabiri, ongera uburinganire bwa fibre guhuza kugirango impapuro ziringanire kandi zingana; icya gatatu, ihuze nibyifuzo byubwoko butandukanye bwimpapuro, nkimpapuro zumuco zisaba fibre nziza kugirango zinoze neza, hamwe nimpapuro zipakira zisaba fibre ndende kandi ndende kugirango zongere ubukana.

II. Ubwoko Bukuru hamwe na Tekiniki Ibiranga abatunganya

Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera, uburyo bwo gukora, hamwe nibisabwa, abashoramari basanzwe mu nganda zikora impapuro zigabanijwemo ibyiciro bine bikurikira, buri kimwe gifite intego ya tekiniki hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa:

1. Gutunganya disiki

• Ibiranga Imiterere: Igizwe na disiki ihamye (disiki ihagaze) na disikuru izunguruka (disiki izunguruka). Ubuso bwa disiki bukwirakwizwa hamwe no gusya ahantu h'amenyo atandukanye (nka serrated, trapezoidal, spiral), kandi ubukana bwo gutunganya bugenzurwa no guhindura icyuho cya disiki.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Kunonosora neza, guhindura fibre imwe. Irashobora guhuza nudusimba dutandukanye (ibiti byimbaho, ibyatsi, impapuro zangiza imyanda) mugusimbuza imiterere yinyo ya disiki, bigatuma iba ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya impapuro zirimo umuco, impapuro zipakira, impapuro zumusarani, nubundi bwoko bwimpapuro.
• Subtypes.

2. Gutunganya neza

• Ibiranga Imiterere: Yemera guhuza stator ya conical na rotor. Pulp igenda itera imbere ikoresheje icyuho cya conical, ikorerwa kogosha no gusohora. Imbaraga zo gutunganya zirashobora kugenzurwa neza muguhindura icyuho.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Gukata fibre nkeya, ingaruka nziza ya fibrillation, ikwiranye nubwoko bwimpapuro zisaba kugumana uburebure bwa fibre ndende (nkimpapuro za kraft, linerboard). Ifite kandi imbaraga zikomeye zo gukora no gukoresha ingufu nke, bikunze gukoreshwa mugutunganya icyiciro cya kabiri cyimyanda yimyanda cyangwa gutunganya neza ibibyimba byo murwego rwo hejuru.

3. Gutunganya Cylindrical

• Ibiranga Imiterere: Igizwe na silindrike yo gusya hamwe na plaque yo gusya. Ubuso bwo gusya bwuzuye bufite amenyo ahinduranya cyangwa azunguruka. Kuzenguruka kwa gusya bizunguruka bigenda neza kandi birangiza inzira yo gutunganya.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Kwihanganira cyane umwanda (nk'intete z'umucanga, ibice bya pulasitike) muri pulp, ntabwo byoroshye gufunga. Birakwiriye gusya bikabije impapuro zanduye cyangwa kwitiranya ibikoresho fatizo bya fibre mbisi nkibishishwa byibyatsi, akenshi bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gutunganya imbere-gutunganya imirongo yumusaruro.

4. Kunonosora ibintu byinshi

• Ibiranga Imiterere: Bikwiranye nibidukikije bihoraho (15% -40%). Ikoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo kugaburira (nka federasiyo ya screw) kugirango yizere ko pulp yinjira muri zone yo gusya. Imiterere yinyo ya disiki ahanini ni iryinyo ryagutse kandi rifite intera nini yo kunoza fibre.
• Ibyiza bya tekiniki: Impamyabumenyi yo hejuru ya fibrillation, imbaraga zikomeye zo guhuza, zishobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga zimpapuro. Mubidukikije bihoraho, gukata fibre ni bike kandi gukoresha ingufu ni bike. Irakwiriye kunonosorwa neza ubwoko bwimpapuro zo murwego rwohejuru (nkimpapuro zometseho impapuro, impapuro zidasanzwe) cyangwa gutunganya pulp bisaba guhuza fibre ikomeye.

III. Ibyingenzi Byibanze bya Tekinike hamwe noguhitamo Amahame yabatunganya

1. Ibyingenzi Byibanze

• Kunonosora: Igabanijwemo ibintu bike (≤8%), guhuza hagati (8% -15%), no guhuzagurika (≥15%). Guhuzagurika bigira ingaruka ku buryo bunoze bwo gutunganya neza na fibre morphologie, nko gutunganya neza-kwibanda kuri fibrillation hamwe no gutunganya ibintu bike byibanda ku gukata.
• Icyuho cya Disiki: Ikintu cyingenzi kigena ubukana. Gutoya icyuho, niko ubukana bwo kunonosorwa. Igomba guhindurwa muburyo bukurikije ubwoko bwimpapuro zisabwa nibiranga pulp (mubisanzwe bigenzurwa kuri 0.1-1.0mm).
• Imiterere y'amenyo ya Disiki n'ubugari bw'amenyo. Ubugari bw'amenyo bugena aho uhurira no gusya, bikenera guhuza ubwoko bwa pulp no gutunganya intego.
• Imbaraga za moteri n'umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka: Imbaraga zigena ubushobozi bwo gutunganya (mubisanzwe 55-1000kW), kandi umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka ugira ingaruka kumuvuduko wa disiki (muri rusange 1500-3000r / min). Umuvuduko wo hejuru usobanura imbaraga zo kogosha imbaraga, zikwiranye nimbaraga nyinshi zo gutunganya.
• Ubushobozi: Byatoranijwe ukurikije igipimo cy'umusaruro. Ubushobozi bwibikoresho bimwe mubusanzwe ni 5-100t / d, kandi imirongo minini yumusaruro irashobora gukoresha ibice byinshi cyangwa ibice bisa.

2. Amahame yo guhitamo

• Guhuza nimpapuro zisabwa. kubipapuro byiza byumuco, abatunganya disiki ebyiri cyangwa abatunganya disiki eshatu barashobora gutoranywa; kubikorwa byo gutunganya imyanda, gutunganya silindrike cyangwa gutunganya disiki irwanya umwanda.
• Huza Pulp Ibiranga. ibyatsi byibyatsi bifite fibre ngufi, kuburyo urwego rwo gukata rugomba kugenzurwa, kandi abatunganya disiki nkeya-ntibishoboka; impapuro zanduye zirimo imyanda myinshi, bityo ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira gufunga bigomba guhitamo.
• Kuringaniza Kuringaniza no Gukoresha Ingufu: Uhujwe nubushobozi bwumurongo ukenewe, hitamo ibikoresho bifite ingufu nke zikoreshwa hamwe no gutunganya neza. Kurugero, imirongo minini yumusaruro irashobora gukoresha itunganywa rya disiki eshatu, naho imirongo mito nini nini yo gukora irashobora gukoresha disiki imwe cyangwa disiki ebyiri.
• Tekereza ku Guhuza n'ubwenge. Iyo uhitamo, birakenewe guhuza urwego rwubwenge rwumurongo wibyakozwe no guha umwanya wambere ibikoresho bishobora guhuzwa kandi byoroshye kubungabunga.

IV. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga Inzira z'abatunganya

Hamwe noguhindura inganda zikora impapuro zigana kuri "icyatsi kibisi-karubone, ubwenge bukora neza, hamwe nubwiza buhanitse", tekinoroji itunganya ibyerekezo bitatu byingenzi byiterambere:

• Kuzamura Ubwenge.
• Gutezimbere Ingufu. Bamwe mubatunganya ubwoko bushya bagabanya gukoresha ingufu 15% -30% ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo.
• Kwishyira hamwe: Gutezimbere ibikoresho "gutunganya - gusuzuma - kweza" ibikoresho kugirango ugabanye umusaruro hamwe nubutaka bwibikoresho; intego yihariye yimpapuro ikeneye, itezimbere inonosora idasanzwe (nka ultra-nziza ya fibre fibre, bio-mashini pulp idasanzwe) kugirango yongere porogaramu.

Nka "shusho shingiro" yumusaruro wimpapuro, urwego rwa tekiniki rwabatunganya rujyanye neza nubwiza bwimpapuro, gukora neza, nibidukikije. Mu rwego rwinganda zikora impapuro zikurikirana iterambere ryiza, guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwo gutunganya, guhitamo ibipimo byingenzi bya tekiniki, no kugendana niterambere ryiterambere ryubwenge no kubungabunga ingufu bizaba ingwate yingenzi kubigo kugirango bongere ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana.