Inkomoko y'impapuro za Kraft

Kraft Paper Ijambo rijyanye na ryo "gukomera" mu kidage ni "inka".

Mbere na mbere, ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro byari udutambaro, hanyuma hakoreshwa impumuro y’umusemburo. Nyuma yaho, havumbuwe imashini isya, hashyizweho uburyo bwo gusya imashini, maze ibikoresho fatizo bitunganywamo ibintu bifite utwuma binyuze muri iyo mashini isya. Mu 1750, Herinda Bita wo mu Buholandi yavumbuye imashini y’impapuro, maze hatangira gukorwa impapuro nyinshi. Ubusabe bw’ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro bwarenze cyane umubare w’ibikoresho byatanzwe.
Bityo rero, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, abantu batangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwo gukora impapuro. Mu 1845, Keira yavumbuye impumuro y'ibiti byasenyutse. Ubu bwoko bw'impumuro ikorwa mu giti kandi ikarangizwamo insinga binyuze mu gitutu cya hydraulic cyangwa mashini. Ariko, impumuro y'ibiti byasenyutse igumana hafi ibice byose by'ibiti, hamwe n'insinga ngufi kandi zikomeye, ubuziranenge buke, imbaraga nke, kandi byoroshye guhinduka umuhondo nyuma yo kubibika igihe kirekire. Ariko, ubu bwoko bw'impumuro ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo gukoresha kandi ihendutse. impumuro y'ibiti ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ibipapuro bishya n'amakarito.

Mu 1857, Hutton yavumbuye impumuro y'ibinyabutabire. Ubu bwoko bw'impumuro bushobora kugabanywamo impumuro ya sulfite, impumuro ya sulfate, na impumuro ya soda ya caustic, bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuyigabanya. Uburyo bwo kuyigabanya bwavumbuwe na Hardon bukubiyemo gushyushya ibikoresho fatizo mu gisubizo cya sodium hydroxide ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa ku biti bifite amababi manini n'ibimera bisa n'ibiti.
Mu 1866, Chiruman yavumbuye impumuro ya sulfite, yakozwe binyuze mu kongeramo ibikoresho fatizo mu gisubizo cya sulfite kirimo sulfite nyinshi hanyuma akagiteka ku bushyuhe bwinshi no ku gitutu kugira ngo akureho imyanda nka lignin mu bice by'ibimera. impumuro ya bleached pulp n'impumuro y'ibiti bivanze bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gusohora impapuro, mu gihe impumuro ya bleached ikwiriye gukorwamo impapuro zo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'izo mu rwego rwo hagati.
Mu 1883, Daru yavumbuye impu ya sulfate, ikoresha uruvange rwa sodium hydroxide na sodium sulfide mu guteka mu buryo bushyushye cyane no mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi za fibre z'impu yakozwe n'ubu buryo, yitwa "impu ya cowhide". impu ya Kraft iragoye kuyihindura umweru bitewe n'umukara usigaye, ariko ifite imbaraga nyinshi, bityo impapuro za kraft zakozwe zikwiriye cyane mu gupakira. impu ya bleached ishobora no kongerwa ku zindi mpapuro kugira ngo ikorwemo impapuro zo gucapa, ariko ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku mpapuro za kraft na corrugated. Muri rusange, kuva aho hagaragaye impu ya chemical nka sulfite pulp na sulfate pulp, impapuro zahindutse kuva ku kintu cy'agaciro kijya ku gicuruzwa gihendutse.
Mu 1907, u Burayi bwakoze impumuro ya sulfite na hemp mixed pulp. Muri uwo mwaka, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashinze uruganda rwa mbere rw’impapuro za kraft. Bates azwiho kuba ari we washinze “amasashe y’impapuro za kraft”. Yabanje gukoresha impapuro za kraft mu gupfunyika umunyu nyuma aza kubona patenti ya “Bates pulp”.
Mu 1918, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubudage byatangiye gukora imashini mu gukora amasashe y'impapuro zo mu bwoko bwa kraft. Icyo gihe, igitekerezo cya Houston cyo "guhindura impapuro zikomeye zo gupfunyika" nacyo cyatangiye kugaragara.
Isosiyete ikora impapuro ya Santo Rekis muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yinjiye neza ku isoko ry’i Burayi ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo kudoda imifuka y’imashini idoda, nyuma iza kwerekwa mu Buyapani mu 1927.