Mu gikorwa cyo gusohora impapuro mu nganda zikora impapuro, ibikoresho fatizo (nk'uduti tw'ibiti n'impapuro z'imyanda) bikunze kuba birimo imyanda nk'umucanga, amabuye, ibyuma na pulasitiki. Iyo bidakuweho ku gihe, iyi myanda izihutisha kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bikurikira, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'impapuro, ndetse binatera ihagarara ry'umusaruro. Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gutunganya mbere yo kuzitunganya, imashini itandukanya imyanda ifite inshingano y'ingenzi yogutandukanya neza imyanda ikomeye n'iyoroshye n'ibinureItanga impumuro nziza yo gukoresha mu gutunganya impapuro nyuma y’aho kandi ikaba ingenzi mu gutuma umurongo w’impapuro ukora ukomeza gukora neza.

I. Ihame ry'ingenzi ry'imikorere: Rishingiye ku "Itandukaniro ry'ubucucike n'itandukaniro ry'imikorere"

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya icyuma gitandukanya imyanda bushingiye ku "tandukaniro ry'ubucucike hagati y'imyanda n'ibinure" kandi kigakuraho imyanda mu buryo bukurikije imiterere yayo. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora tekiniki bugizwe n'intambwe ebyiri:

1. Gutandukanya umwanda cyane: Nyuma yuko impumuro y'amazi yinjira mu gice cyo kugaburira ibikoresho, ibanza kwinjira mu "gace gatandukanya umwanda mwinshi". Muri ako gace, umuvuduko w'amazi ugabanuka. Imyanda ikomeye nk'umucanga, amabuye, n'ibyuma, bifite ubucucike bwinshi kurusha impumuro y'amazi, ihita igera hasi mu bikoresho bitewe n'imbaraga z'ubutaka. Hanyuma irasohoka buri gihe binyuze mu cyuma gisohora amazi cyikora cyangwa gikozwe mu mavuta.
2. Gutandukanya umwanda mu buryo bworoheje: Ifu y'imyanda, aho imyanda ikomeye yakuwe, ikomeza kwinjira mu "gace ko gutandukanya imyanda yoroheje". Aka gace gakunze kuba gafite ingoma izenguruka cyangwa imiterere y'icyuma gisya. Imyanda yoroheje nk'ibice bya pulasitiki, uduce twa fibre, n'umukungugu, bifite ubucucike buri hasi ugereranije n'ifu y'icyuma, bifatwa n'ifu y'icyuma gisya cyangwa bigakurwaho n'icyuma gisya. Amaherezo, bikusanyirizwa binyuze mu mwobo w'imyanda yoroheje, mu gihe ifu y'imyanda isukuye ikomeza inzira ikurikiraho.

II. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki: Ibipimo by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'itandukana

Mu guhitamo no gukoresha icyuma gitandukanya slag, ibi bikurikira bigomba kwibandwaho kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa ku murongo w'umusaruro:

• Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya: Ingano y'umunyungugu ushobora gutunganywa kuri buri gice cy'igihe (ubusanzwe upimirwa muri m³/h). Igomba kuba ihuye n'ubushobozi bwo gukora bw'ibikoresho byo gusohora ibikoresho byo mu gice cy'imbere kugira ngo hirindwe kurenza urugero cyangwa gupfusha ubusa ubushobozi bwo gukora.
• Uburyo bwo gutandukanya abantu neza: Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ingaruka zo gukuraho umwanda. Ubuhanga bwo gutandukanya imyanda ikomeye (nk'icyuma n'umucanga) muri rusange busaba ≥98%, naho ku myanda yoroheje (nk'ipulasitiki n'imigozi ikomeye) ≥90%. Ubuhanga budahagije buzagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kwera no ku mbaraga z'impapuro.
• Umwobo w'ingoma zo mu idirishya: Igena uburyo imyanda y'urumuri itandukaniyeho neza kandi igahindurwa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'ibikoresho fatizo (urugero, umwobo wa mm 0.5-1.5 ukunze gukoreshwa mu gucukura impapuro z'imyanda, kandi ushobora kwagurwa neza mu gucukura impumuro y'ibiti). Umwobo muto cyane ukunze gufunga, mu gihe munini cyane utuma imyanda y'urumuri iva.
• Umuvuduko w'imikorere: Umuvuduko w'amazi mu gikoresho (ubusanzwe 0.1-0.3MPa). Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane ushobora gutuma ibikoresho bisaza, mu gihe umuvuduko muto cyane ugira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gutandukanya. Kugenzura neza binyuze muri valve yo kugaburira ni ngombwa.

III. Ubwoko busanzwe: Bushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Hashingiwe ku itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro (ibikomoka ku mbaho, ibikomoka ku mpapuro z’imyanda) n’ubwoko bw’imyanda, ibikoresho byo gutandukanya ibikomoka ku myanda bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri:

• Ibitandukanya umwanda cyane (Desanders): Ibande ku gukuraho imyanda iremereye. "Desander isanzwe igororotse" ifite imiterere mito n'ahantu hato ho hasi, bigatuma ikwiriye imiyoboro mito n'iciriritse yo gukora; "Desander itambitse" ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu byinshi kandi irinda kuziba, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro minini yo gukora impapuro z'imyanda.
• Ibitandukanya umwanda byoroheje (Ibitandukanya umwanda): Shimangira ku gukuraho imyanda y'urumuri. Isanzwe ni "agace gatandukanya slag yo mu bwoko bwa pressure screen", gatandukanya hakoreshejwe agace gahindura slag gahindura slag n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko, kandi gafite imikorere yo gupima no gukuraho slag. Gakoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bisukuye nka pulp y'ibiti na pulp y'imigano; hari kandi "agace gatandukanya slag yo mu bwoko bwa centrifugal", gakoresha imbaraga za centrifugal mu gutandukanya imyanda y'urumuri kandi kakagombye kuvura pulp ifite imbaraga nyinshi (concentration ≥3%).

IV. Gusana buri munsi: Urufunguzo rwo kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho no kwemeza ko bikoreshwa neza

Imikorere ihamye y'ikinyabiziga gitandukanya ibintu bivamo slag ishingira ku isuku ihoraho. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kubungabunga zirimo:

1. Gusukura ingoma buri gihe: Nyuma yo kuzimya buri munsi, reba niba ingoma ya ecran ifunze. Niba imyobo yafunze kubera insinga cyangwa imyanda, koresha imbunda y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo woge cyangwa igikoresho cyihariye cyo kuyikuraho kugira ngo wirinde kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kuyitandukanya mu gikorwa gikurikiraho.
2. Kugenzura uburyo valve zisohora ibishingwe zifunze neza: Gusohoka kw'udupfunyika tw'amazi duto cyane kandi tworoheje bizatera imyanda ya pulp kandi bigabanye ingaruka zo gutandukana. Ni ngombwa kugenzura ubusaza bw'intebe z'udupfunyika buri cyumweru no gusimbuza gasket cyangwa utupfunyika twangiritse ku gihe.
3. Gusiga amavuta ku bice by'ingenzi: Shyiramo amavuta yihariye yo kwisiga ku bice byimuka by'ibikoresho, nk'umugozi uzenguruka n'amaberari, buri kwezi kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'ibice biterwa no gukururana kwumye no kongera igihe cyo gukora.
4. Ibipimo by'Igenzura ry'Imikorere: Ibipimo byo kugenzura mu gihe nyacyo nk'ubushobozi bwo gutunganya, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Iyo habayeho ibipimo bidasanzwe (nk'ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko butunguranye cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije), hagarika imashini ako kanya kugira ngo igenzurwe kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bitewe no kurenza urugero rw'umuvuduko.

V. Iterambere ry'Inganda: Kuzamura Iterambere Rigana ku “Musaruro Ukomeye n'Ubwenge”

Bitewe n'uko ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije no kunoza imikorere mu nganda zikora impapuro bigenda birushaho kwiyongera, ibikoresho byo gutandukanya imashini zisohora imyanda birimo gutera imbere mu byerekezo bibiri by'ingenzi:

• Ingufu nyinshi: Mu kunoza imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amazi (urugero, gukoresha "imiterere y'ahantu habiri") no kuvugurura ibikoresho bya ecran drum (urugero, icyuma kidapfa kwangirika n'ibikoresho bifite molekile nyinshi), imikorere yo gutandukanya ibintu irushaho kunozwa, kandi igihombo cya pulp kikagabanuka (bigabanya igihombo kuva kuri 3% kikagera munsi ya 1%).
• Ubuhanga: Huza sensors na sisitemu yo kugenzura ya PLC kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo guhuza "gukurikirana byikora, guhindura mu buryo bw'ubwenge, no kuburira hakiri kare amakosa". Urugero, kurikirana mu buryo bwihuse ingano y'umwanda mu gikoresho ukoresheje sensor y'umwanda, kandi uhindure mu buryo bwikora umuvuduko w'ibiryo n'umuvuduko wo gusohora slag; niba ibikoresho bifunze cyangwa ibice byangiritse, sisitemu ishobora guhita itera ubwoba no kohereza ibitekerezo byo kubungabunga, ikagabanya uburyo bwo gukora n'intoki no kunoza urwego rw'imikorere y'umuyoboro w'umusaruro.

Muri make, nubwo icyuma gitandukanya imyanda atari cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cyane mu gukora impapuro, ni "inkingi" yo kwemeza ko ibikorwa bikurikira bihamye no kunoza ubwiza bw'impapuro. Guhitamo neza ubwoko bw'impapuro, kugenzura ibipimo, no kuzibungabunga neza bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, kugabanya ibibazo by'ibikoresho, no gutanga inkunga y'ingenzi mu gukora neza kw'ibigo bikora impapuro.