Ibikoresho Byibisanzwe Mubikorwa byo gukora impapuro: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Papermaking ninganda zubahiriza igihe zishingiye kubikoresho bitandukanye kugirango tubyare ibicuruzwa dukoresha burimunsi. Kuva ku giti kugeza ku mpapuro zisubirwamo, buri kintu gifite ibintu byihariye bigira ingaruka nziza ku mikorere n'imikorere y'impapuro zanyuma. Muri iki gitabo, tuzasesengura ibikoresho bisanzwe biboneka mugukora impapuro, imiterere ya fibre, umusaruro wa pulp, hamwe nibisabwa.

Igiti: Igikoresho gakondo

Igiti nikimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mugukora impapuro, hamwe nibyiciro bibiri byingenzi: ibiti byoroshye nibiti.

Igiti cyoroshye

• Uburebure bwa fibre: Mubisanzwe biri hagati ya 2,5 na 4.5 mm.
• Umusaruro: Hagati ya 45% na 55%.
• Ibiranga: Fibre ya softwood ni ndende kandi yoroheje, bigatuma iba nziza yo gukora impapuro zikomeye. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ikomeye bivamo impapuro hamwe nigihe kirekire kandi gikomeye. Ibi bituma softwood iba ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro zo kwandika, impapuro zo gucapa, hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye byo gupakira.

Hardwood

• Uburebure bwa fibre: Hafi ya 1.0 kugeza kuri 1,7 mm.
• Umusaruro: Mubisanzwe 40% kugeza 50%.
• Ibiranga: Fibre fibre ni ngufi ugereranije na softwood. Mugihe zitanga impapuro zifite imbaraga nke ugereranije, akenshi zivangwa na softwood pulp kugirango zikore impapuro ziciriritse ziciriritse hamwe nimpapuro.

Ibikoresho byubuhinzi n’ibimera

Kurenga ibiti, ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ibicuruzwa byinshi bifite agaciro mu gukora impapuro, bitanga uburyo burambye kandi buhendutse.

Ibyatsi n'ingano by'ingano

• Uburebure bwa fibre: Hafi ya mm 1.0 kugeza kuri mm 2.0.
• Umusaruro: 30% kugeza 40%.
• Ibiranga: Ibi birahari henshi kandi bihendutse ibikoresho fatizo. Nubwo umusaruro wabo utari mwinshi cyane, birakwiriye kubyara impapuro z'umuco n'impapuro.

Umugano

• Uburebure bwa fibre: Itandukaniro kuva kuri 1,5 kugeza kuri mm 3,5.
• Umusaruro: 40% kugeza kuri 50%.
• Ibiranga: Imigano y'imigano ifite imitungo yegereye ibiti, n'imbaraga nziza. Ikirenzeho, imigano ifite imikurire mike no kuvugurura gukomeye, bigatuma iba inzira yingenzi kubiti. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora impapuro zitandukanye, zirimo impapuro z'umuco n'impapuro.

Bagasse

• Uburebure bwa fibre: 0,5 kugeza kuri 2.0 mm.
• Umusaruro: 35% kugeza 55%.
• Ibiranga: Nka myanda yubuhinzi, bagasse ikungahaye kubutunzi. Uburebure bwa fibre buratandukanye cyane, ariko nyuma yo kuyitunganya, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora impapuro zipakira hamwe nimpapuro.

Impapuro zanduye: Guhitamo Kuramba

Impapuro zangiza zifite uruhare runini mubukungu buzenguruka inganda zikora impapuro.

• Uburebure bwa fibre: 0,7 mm kugeza kuri mm 2,5. Kurugero, fibre mu mpapuro zo mu biro ni ngufi, hafi mm 1, mugihe izo mubipapuro bimwe bipakira imyanda bishobora kuba birebire.
• Umusaruro: Biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko, ubwiza, hamwe no gutunganya tekinoroji yimpapuro, muri rusange kuva kuri 60% kugeza 85%. Ibikoresho bishaje (OCC) birashobora kugira umusaruro mwinshi hafi 75% kugeza 85% nyuma yo kuvurwa neza, mugihe impapuro zivanze zo mu biro zisanzwe zifite umusaruro wa 60% kugeza 70%.
• Ibiranga: Gukoresha impapuro zimyanda nkibikoresho bibisi byangiza ibidukikije kandi bifite umusaruro mwinshi. Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora impapuro zongeye gukoreshwa hamwe nimpapuro zometseho, bigira uruhare mukubungabunga umutungo no kugabanya imyanda.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gutunganya

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko uburyo bwo gusya butandukanye kubikoresho bitandukanye.Ibiti, imigano, ibyatsi, ningano bisaba gutekamugihe cyo guswera. Ubu buryo bukoresha imiti cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nigitutu cyo gukuraho ibice bitari fibrous nka lignin na hemicellulose, byemeza ko fibre yatandukanijwe kandi yiteguye gukora impapuro.

Ibinyuranye, guta impapuro ntibisaba guteka. Ahubwo, ikubiyemo inzira nko gusiba no gusuzuma kugirango ukureho umwanda no gutegura fibre kugirango wongere ukoreshe.

Gusobanukirwa imiterere yibi bikoresho ni ngombwa kubakora impapuro kugirango bahitemo ibikoresho byiza kubicuruzwa byabo byihariye, kuringaniza ubuziranenge, igiciro, no kuramba. Yaba imbaraga za fibre yoroshye cyangwa ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byimyanda, buri kintu kibisi kigira uruhare rwihariye mubikorwa bitandukanye byimpapuro.